Smart machine maintenance: New AI system also detects unknown faults

Vast numbers of sensors are constantly collecting data from today’s industrial machinery. And there’s a lot that can be learned from these huge data sets. When a machine is operating normally, the way that it vibrates, shakes, hums or heats up is unique to that device.

But when machine components start to wear out, these characteristic features undergo subtle changes. Minute temperature fluctuations, slight changes in vibrational behaviour, minor shifts in measurement data can all act as early warning signals that can indicate when a component is beginning to show signs of wear.

It is therefore crucial to be able to detect these subtle variations within the sea of data being produced. ‘A single sensor can generate a terabyte of raw data in just a few days,’ explains Professor Andreas Schütze, an expert in measurement and sensor technology at Saarland University. But in addition to detecting these changes, it is equally important to know how to interpret them.

Schütze and his team have been working with partners in industry and academia to develop a system that is able to extract the useful signal data from the vast quantities of data being generated.

‘By independently assigning signal patterns to specific damage, wear or error states, the system is able to make the machine’s status permanently visible,’ says Andreas Schütze.

The program continuously compares real-time sensor data with the data associated with normal machine operation and with the typical signal patterns that indicate an incipient malfunction or emerging wear defects. If the system detects a difference between these signal patterns, it will notify the equipment operator and indicate how to respond.

The researchers working at Saarland University and at the Center for Mechatronics and Automation Technology (ZeMA) in Saarbrücken have developed a whole suite of hardware and software modules that can be combined to produce a tailor-made monitoring system for a wide variety of industrial machinery and equipment.

The system is even able to detect unknown faults, to learn from them and then to assign these faults to their corresponding root cause. This is something wholly new. Up until now, AI-based monitoring systems were not able to evaluate previously unknown events. ‘Artificial intelligence works by pattern recognition.

If something completely new happens and the system doesn’t recognize this novel pattern, it will have effectively reached the limits of its capabilities. We’ve developed our system to a level where it can recognize states that is has not previously encountered and can notify the operator accordingly,’ explains Andreas Schütze.

The technical term is ‘novelty detection’. If a novel event begins to appear more frequently and more data on it becomes available, the program is able to assign its cause and the consequences that follow from it.

Over the course of multiple research projects, Schütze’s group filtered out from the vast quantities of measurement data those signal patterns that were associated either with changes in a machine’s behaviour or with machine damage. They then created mathematical models, which included simulations of sensor faults, and used these models to teach their system.

The program exploits machine learning techniques to automatically acquire new knowledge and to detect deviations from normal behaviour. ‘The algorithms also incorporate recently acquired data in their analyses. It is therefore possible for the system to detect and to interpret anomalies,’ explains Tizian Schneider, a doctoral student who is currently conducting research into the new system.

The knowledge generated by the system can be linked to other AI functions, such as the automated ordering of spare parts. This makes it easier to plan maintenance operations on large or difficult-to-access plant machinery. The system is also able to transfer information to human maintenance operatives in a clearly understandable form.

To ensure that maintenance personnel are able to interpret the numerical data correctly, Schütze’s team has also examined ways of translating the data into useful information for the user. ‘The system breaks down the information into a form that is both relevant and easily understood by the maintenance workers,’ explains Tizian Schneider.

Schütze and his team now want to help small and medium-sized companies become acquainted with the new technology. The researchers run training courses at the ‘Mittelstand 4.0 Competence Centre’, which is located at the ZeMA site in Saarbrücken and which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy. They are currently developing an AI-based assistance system specifically for small and medium-sized companies. ‘The system is particularly attractive for these small and medium-sized enterprises that want to use digitalization to boost their competitiveness.’ explains Andreas Schütze.

Background
The AI system was developed by Professor Andreas Schütze and his research team as part of the collaborative project ‘Modular Sensor Systems for Real-Time Process Control and Smart State Monitoring’ (MoSeS-Pro) and the projects ‘MessMo – Measurement-Assisted Assembly’ (European Regional Development Fund, ERDF) and ‘EaSy-ML’(supported by the Saarland government’s ERDF-technology funding programme ZTS). Two new collaborative projects aimed at developing the AI system further are also now starting and will involve a total of twenty project partners from academia and industry, including the companies HYDAC, Festo and Schaeffler.

Press photographs are available at https://www.uni-saarland.de/universitaet/aktuell/artikel/nr/21907.html
and can be used at no charge. Please read and comply with the conditions of use.

Contact:
Prof. Dr. Andreas Schütze,
Tel.: +49 (0)681 302-4663; Email: schuetze@lmt.uni-saarland.de
Tizian Schneider: Tel.: +49 (0)681 85787-48; Email: t.schneider@zema.de
http://www.lmt.uni-saarland.de

ZeMA – Center for Mechatronics and Automation Technology in Saarbrücken is a research hub for collaborative projects involving researchers from Saarland University, Saarland University of Applied Sciences (htw saar) and industrial partners. ZeMA conducts industrially relevant development work aimed at boosting industrial performance and transferring ideas and technology from the academic world to the industrial sector. http://www.zema.de

Prof. Dr. Andreas Schütze,
Tel.: +49 (0)681 302-4663; Email: schuetze@lmt.uni-saarland.de
Tizian Schneider: Tel.: +49 (0)681 85787-48; Email: t.schneider@zema.de