Infection-resistant, 3D-printed metals developed for implants

WSU researchers tested the newly developed material for resistance to fatigue.
Credit: Washington State University

A novel surgical implant developed by Washington State University researchers was able to kill 87% of the bacteria that cause staph infections in laboratory tests, while remaining strong and compatible with surrounding tissue like current implants.

The work, reported in the International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, could someday lead to better infection control in many common surgeries, such as hip and knee replacements, that are performed daily around the world.  Bacterial colonization of the implants is one of the leading causes of their failure and bad outcomes after surgery.

“Infection is a problem for which we do not have a solution,” said Amit Bandyopadhyay, corresponding author on the paper and Boeing Distinguished Professor in WSU’s School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. “In most cases, the implant has no defensive power from the infection. We need to find something where the device material itself offers some inherent resistance — more than just providing drug-based infection control. Here we’re saying, why not change the material itself and have inherent antibacterial response from the material itself?”

Titanium materials used for hip and knee replacements and other surgical implants were developed more than 50 years ago and are not well suited to overcoming infections. Although surgeons often treat preemptively with antibiotics, life-threatening infection can occur right after surgery or weeks or months later as a secondary infection. Once an infection sets in as a fuzzy, fine film on an implant, doctors try to treat it with systemic antibiotics. In about 7% of implant surgery cases, though, doctors have to perform a revision surgery, removing the implant, cleaning the area, adding antibiotics and putting in another implant.

Using 3D-printing technology, the WSU researchers added 10% tantalum, a corrosion-resistant metal, and 3% copper to the titanium alloy typically used in implants. When bacteria come into contact with the material’s copper surface, almost all of their cell walls rupture. Meanwhile, the tantalum encourages healthy cell growth with surrounding bone and tissue leading to expedited healing for the patient. The researchers spent three years on a comprehensive study of their implant, assessing its mechanical properties, biology and antibacterial response both in the lab and in animal models. They also studied its wear to make sure that metal ions from the implant won’t wear off and move into nearby tissue causing toxicity.

“The biggest advantage for this type of multifunctional device is that one can use it for infection control as well as for good bone tissue integration,” said co-author Susmita Bose, Westinghouse Distinguished Professor in the school. “Because infection is such a big issue in today’s surgical world, if any multifunctional device can do both things, there’s nothing like it.”

The researchers are continuing the work, hoping to improve the bacterial death rate to the standard of more than 99% without compromising tissue integration. They also want to make sure that the materials offer good performance under real-world loading conditions that patients might use, such as for hiking in the case of a knee replacement.

The researchers are working with WSU’s Office of Commercialization and have filed a provisional patent. The work was funded by the National Institutes of Health and included collaboration with researchers from Stanford University and WSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine.

Journal: International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad07e7
Article Publication Date: 17-Nov-2023

Media Contacts

Sara Zaske
Washington State University
sara.zaske@wsu.edu
Office: 509-335-4846

Tina Hilding
Washington State University
thilding@wsu.edu
Office: 509 335-5095

Expert Contacts

Amit Bandyopadhyay
WSU School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
amitband@wsu.edu
Office: 509-335-4862

Susmita Bose
WSU School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
sbose@wsu.edu
Office: 509-335-7461

Media Contact

Sara Zaske
Washington State University

All latest news from the category: Materials Sciences

Materials management deals with the research, development, manufacturing and processing of raw and industrial materials. Key aspects here are biological and medical issues, which play an increasingly important role in this field.

innovations-report offers in-depth articles related to the development and application of materials and the structure and properties of new materials.

Back to home

Comments (0)

Write a comment

Newest articles

Unidirectional imaging technology breakthrough

UCLA researchers developed unidirectional imaging technology, a crucial capability for applications requiring asymmetric visual information processing and optical communication. Traditional imaging systems are bidirectional—if I can see you, you can…

Implantable microparticles can deliver two cancer therapies at once

The combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy could offer a more effective way to fight aggressive tumors. Patients with late-stage cancer often have to endure multiple rounds of different types of…

Researchers Aim To Get Leg Up on Bone Repair with 3D-Printed Femur

University of Texas at Dallas mechanical engineers have designed a 3D-printed femur that could help doctors prepare for surgeries to repair bones and develop treatments for bone tumors. The engineers,…