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The invention relates to a constructive alteration of the ultrasonic transducers for an ultrasonic reflection and transmission measurement. The core of the invention is the placement of the transducers in a U-form with several ultrasonic transducers on the inside, which allow the measurement of irregular bodies and bodies with high ultrasonic dampening. Additionally the device uses constant flow of coupling agents by pumps. Several openings on the inside provide the testing body with a suitable agent with ensures the required coupling of the materials.
The present invention using the acoustically induced laser scattering (ALS) avoids these disadvantages by applying the principle of the acousto-optical modulation. By an appropriate arrangement of an ultraultrasonic source, a sonic grid which diffracts laser light is generated in the material. By exclusively using the diffraction peak of
the laser light in a test object, the invention enables new possibilities of non-invasive determination of relevant rheological and other mechanical properties. With this method, a non-destructive measurement of little technical effort and very short measuring times gets possible. Especially
it is, in contrast to conventional rheometers, suitable for in situ measurements. Thus, the invention has a big market potential in the fields of materials science, materials testing and quality assurance.
The invention delivers a solution, which is an energetically and ecologically better method, along with the required device for separating carbon dioxide from the exhaust fumes of combustion engines, based on thermodynamic arrangements. To do so, the gas mass, which is fed to and exhausted from the engine is conditioned in such a way that it is possible to lower the exhaust conditions enough for 〖CO〗_2 condensation. The conditioning is done in regards to temperature and pressure. Doing so causes the carbon dioxide to change its aggregate state to liquid, which makes separation and storing of 〖CO〗_2 possible. The energy for this process is taken out of the engine exhaust and from the engine power. The energy exchange is done with heat exchangers. An additional medium is used as heat storage, while the enthalpy of this medium can be used for recovery processes.
It is known, that the electric stimulation of the Stapedius muscle by the brain is not following a 0-1 scheme. Rather, it is following in a continuous curve which correlates with the signal intensity. Because of this, the invention aims to deliver a method for continuously (re-) calibrating every amplification factor.
The invention solves this task by using an integrated control system. This system compares the outer microphone volume with a target curve, which causes the Stapedius muscle to behave in a certain way. If the measured muscle behavior is different from the expected one, this system changes the amplifying parameters.
By observing and storing the Stapedius activity it is possible to make the amplification factors dependent on the volume, which makes a nonlinear amplification possible.
The Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF in Darmstadt/Germany has therefore launched a new research project on the…
The research team led by Farnaz Keyhani-Nejad and Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer of DIfE has now published its results in the journal Diabetes Care (Keyhani-Nejad et…