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Funded by the Baden-Württemberg Stiftung gGmbH, KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) and Ulm University scientists have developed a procedure that enables the targeted modification of surfaces' friction and adhesion properties through irradiation with light. Depending on the application the modification may be irreversible, i. e. properties are adjusted once-only, or reversible, i. e. facilitating a switch between the minimum and maximum coefficient of friction in a selective and continuous manner. Therefore, the new technique opens up new opportunities for photo-activatable and photo-switchable applications even in the field of micro and nano systems technologies.
The invention provides a solution that makes it possible to reduce the number of individual steps during the production of patient specific braces.
The inventive production of an orthodontic appliance is possible because of the combination of the latest computer technologies and the use of an additive manufacturing process. To get a three-dimensional computer model of the jaw an oral scanner is used. The 3D model makes is possible to use generative manufacturing such as 3D printing for the production of patient specific braces.
To fix the appliance on the teeth, the invention allows using ultrasound to directly incorporate lowering wire elements into the plastic base. Due this combination of dental volumetric tomography and finite element linking, it is possible to get an individualized load simulation.
The invention allows a selective extraction and analysis of cells from defined positions within natural or artificial three-dimensional structures without destroying the cell culture medium. This is achieved by a cell reactor having an upper part and lower part which are detachably connected together as well as inflow and outflow openings for liquid or gaseous nutrient medium. The flow through the cell culture with cell medium can be carried out both apically and basally. Furthermore, the reactor has a layer system with layer basket for receiving the cell culture carriers in the form of layers and positioning them along a fixing ring. The layers can have different geometric shapes and can be made out of different materials and are also reus-able.
The inventors propose a new method which allows the use of different pulse widths. The motivation is to realize fast communication between transmitters and receivers. The contained information (the data value) gets encoded in the length of a transmitted pulse and finally gets decoded in an efficient way by the receiver. Through a corresponding evaluation logic, which is switched in parallel to the line driver, it can be concluded with the disappearance of the original signal at its actual length. This method can be preferably used in application-specific hardware such as ASICs and FPGAs, as these modules enable the parallel processing of signals at the hardware level.
Even today it is possible to provide quantitative information about the beginning of birth by using simple sensors. The invention supplements warnings with information on the probable beginning of the birth. These quantitative predictions are based on the indirect measurement of prenatal anxiety in animals. Such agitation can be expressed in vocalization, locomotion and interaction. This can be measured by using acoustic-, light-, ultrasonic- or radar- sensors. The prediction itself is based on empirically proven assumptions about the natural history of the measured parameters during the prenatal period. Parameters such as age-related differences are taken into account.
The invention describes a method and device to monitor cellular activity and vitality with higher accuracy than common methods. This method is based on measuring the specific cellular form and its development. To do so, several parameters are created, which interact with the neighbour cells and which are comparable over the course of the monitoring. The monitoring is done by recording the cellular movement and growth by video recording through a microscope. At the start of the compatibility testing, the substrate or material and the cells are brought together and get monitored over the course of 4 to 12 hours. All changes to the cells get recorded via video. After this, the entirety of the movement data from the cells is compared with reference data from tests with similar substrates. By doing so the invention delivers infor-mation about effect and toxicity of the tested substrate or material.