Chronic pain relief more likely when psychological science involved

When it comes to chronic pain, psychological interventions often provide more relief than prescription drugs or surgery without the risk of side effects, but are used much less frequently than traditional medical treatments, according to a comprehensive review published by the American Psychological Association.

“Chronic pain affects 116 million American adults, making it more prevalent than heart disease, diabetes and cancer combined, and traditional medical approaches are inadequate,” said Mark P. Jensen, PhD, of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the University of Washington. Jensen was the scholarly lead for the review, published in the February-March issue of American Psychologist, APA's flagship journal. “This review highlights the key role that psychologists have had – and continue to have – in the understanding and effective treatment of chronic pain.”

Articles in the special issue describe how psychology addresses racial and ethnic disparities in the assessment and treatment of chronic pain, persistent pain in older adults and family influences on children's chronic pain. Also discussed is a range of successful treatment approaches for chronic pain, including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness and hypnosis. Other articles examine how neurophysiology can help tailor treatments for specific cases and how interdisciplinary chronic pain management is most likely to lead to effective outcomes when health care teams include psychologists and coordinate services.

“The more we learn, the more the field of chronic pain treatment recognizes the critical contribution of psychologists,” said Jensen. “This may be due to the fact that psychologists' expertise about the brain, behavior and their interaction is at the heart of both the problem of and the solution to chronic pain.”

Chronic pain is also among health concerns featured in APA's new Center for Psychology and Health briefing series.

“The series draws upon scientific research to demonstrate psychology's essential role in primary and integrated health care,” said APA CEO Norman B. Anderson, PhD, director of the center and editor of American Psychologist. “In addition to providing behavioral assessments and treatment that give people skills to manage chronic conditions, psychologists can conduct assessments that differentiate normal processes from illness and address medication side effects, adjustment reactions or combinations of these.”

The American Psychologist articles, authors and contact information for the review are:

Contributions of Psychology to the Understanding and Treatment of People with Chronic Pain
Why it Matters to ALL Psychologists
Mark P. Jensen, PhD, and Dennis C. Turk, PhD, University of Washington
Contact: Dr. Jensen at mjensen@uw.edu or (206) 543-3185
Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Management
Past, Present, and Future
Robert J. Gatchel, PhD, ABPP, University of Texas at Arlington; Donald D. McGeary, PhD, and Cindy A. McGeary, PhD, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and Ben Lippe, M.S., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Contact: Dr. Gatchel at gatchel@uta.edu or (817) 272-2541

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Assessment and Treatment of Pain
Psychosocial Perspectives
Raymond C. Tait, PhD, and John T. Chibnall, PhD, Saint Louis University School of Medicine

Contact: Dr. Tait at taitrc@slu.edu or (314) 977-2047

Family and Parent Influences on Pediatric Chronic Pain
A Developmental Perspective
Tonya M. Palermo, PhD, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute; Cecelia R. Valrie, PhD, East Carolina University; Cynthia W. Karlson, PhD, University of Mississippi Medical Center

Contact: Dr. Palermo at tonya.palermo@seattlechildrens.org or (206) 884-7591

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Individuals with Chronic Pain
Efficacy, Innovations, and Directions for Research
Dawn M. Ehde, PhD, Tiara M. Dillworth, PhD, and Judith A. Turner, PhD, University of Washington

Contact: Dr. Ehde at edhe@uw.edu or (206) 744-6084

Hypnotic Approaches for Chronic Pain Management
Clinical Implications of Recent Research Findings
Mark P. Jensen, PhD, and David R. Patterson, PhD, University of Washington School of Medicine

Contact: Dr. Jensen at mjensen@uw.edu or (206) 543-3185

Psychological Pain Interventions and Neurophysiology
Implications for a Mechanism-Based Approach
Herta Flor, PhD, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany, and Heidelberg University

Contact: Dr. Flor at herta.flor@zi-mannheim.de or +49 (0) 621 1703 6302

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness for Chronic Pain
Model, Process, and Progress
Lance M. McCracken, PhD, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Kevin E. Vowles, PhD, University of New Mexico

Contact: Dr. McCracken at mccracken@kcl.ac.uk or +44 (0) 207 1885 410

Overview of Persistent Pain in Older Adults
Ivan R. Molton, PhD, and Alexandra L. Terrill, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center

Contact: Dr. Molton at imolton@u.washington.edu or (206) 598-4295

The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D.C., is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States. APA's membership includes more than 134,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. Through its divisions in 54 subfields of psychology and affiliations with 60 state, territorial and Canadian provincial associations, APA works to advance the creation, communication and application of psychological knowledge to benefit society and improve people's lives.

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