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This invention describes “solid-state” sensors with electrical control of the affinity of chemosensitive materials. This configuration enables rapid regeneration of sensors after analyte binding and increases selectivity. The sensor has been designed as a six-electrode chemoresistor that contains four electrodes in the center for separate measurements of resistance as well as two other external electrodes to monitor the redox status of the sensor material.

This object is accomplished in the format of a solid-state chemosensor.

This innovation comprises a novel measurement device which uses the structure-
borne noise of a moving component to detect whether there is a fault in it. The
methods used up to now have specific disadvantages in their current application.
Normal spectrum analyses of structure-borne noise, for example, usually rely heavily
on assumptions about the operating environment, are highly computer-intensive and
are effectively blind to weak and static signals with an unstable phase position.
The novel measurement device bases its analysis on the entropy value calculated
from the probability of the different frequencies of the structure-borne noise. A
possible fault can therefore be detected at an early stage and in a reliable manner
without any additional assumptions.

Electrical precipitators are used to precipitate particles out of gas streams in a process for which the electrical resistance of the particles plays a decisive role in how the precipitator functions.

An electrical precipitator is suitable for precipitating particulate matter with a specific electrical resistance within a range from 10⁴ to 1011 Ωcm. Particulate matter with higher electrical resistance causes what is called a “back corona”, which severely disrupts the precipitation process.

Distillative separation, particularly of thermolabile volatile substances, is often associated with a significant reduction in quality due to the thermal degradation of the substances being distilled. For example, many substances containing plant matter, such as essential oils, can scarcely be distilled without degradation.

State-of-the-art distillation methods are based mainly on steam distillation as a carrier steam distillation for primary extraction, which merely results in a complex mixture of substances as essential oil.

The expression and production of recombinant proteins in bacteria, such as E. coli is a long standing and well known procedure. However, expression in bacterial systems is limited due to cytoplasmic accumulation of the protein of interest (POI). Even though, various attempts have been made to prevent the accumulation of the desired protein in inclusion bodies, there is still no satisfactory solution available to overcome this problem. The present invention enables the expression of POI on the cell surface of bacteria, thereby preventing the cytoplasmic and periplasmic accumulation.

Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNA molecules that can specifically bind proteins due to their three-dimensional structure.
Because of their ability to deactivate different protein functions inside the cell, aptamers are already used successfully in the field of medical diagnosis, as therapeutic agents and in environmental analytics.
So far the technical production of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) within the range of more than 60 n has been linked to a grand
percentage of abbreviated respectively functionless by-products. Bigger aptamers with even 100 n or more have only been
practicable facing great loss of quantity of material. Within the case of aptamers, an exact sequence identity is essential for
technical application, though.
By use of the described technology it is now possible to produce aptamers in the range of 100 n and beyond in unmatched quality and quantity via a multi-copy-fragment (“AptaGENE”), using a combination of both in vitro and in vivo techniques.
[Reference UKL221]