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Common free space optical communication systems use intensity modulation, which has the drawback of a low spectral efficiency. However, OMIMO is an improved concept for free space optical (FSO) communication. To enhance efficiency a coherent transmission is used with incoherent light sources.
At the transmitter a baseband signal is phase-shifted for precoding, spatial multiplexing or beam forming. After upconversion of the baseband signal to a bandpass signal a DC-offset is added. This signal drives a light source, e. g. an LED or a laser diode by direct modulation. The receiver works with a reverse scheme. For transmitting and receiving a plurality of light source and photo detector can be used in parallel, respectively, to establish an optical MIMO concept.

2STEP-CP is a method of communication between two (mobile) signal sources and a relay station with two antennas. In a first time slot, the two signal sources send a first signal, respectively, in a second time slot a second signal. Based on the respective first and second signals the relay station generates a first and a second network-coded signal. In a third time slot, the first network-coded signal is sent via the first antenna and the second network-coded signal is sent via the second antenna. In a fourth time slot, the two network-encoded signals are sent via the respective other antenna. Based on the signal the signal sources have sent in the first two time slots, both signal sources are able to decode the network coded signals from the relay station. The process is also adaptable to a higher number of signal sources and antennas per relay station.

The new design for energy storage systems is based on novel, prism-shaped housings for battery cells. Instead of conventionally contacting the cells via the cylinder covers the novel cell housing enables electrical connection of the individual cells by pressing together the side surfaces. The battery system is readily separable and improves safety, transport and maintenance. In addition, the invention enables flexible and rapid system design and cost-effective development processes.

Piezo electric, low frequency and broadband converter of vibrational energy: Energy harvesters convert mechanical vibrational into electrical energy due to piezo electric effect. Here the piezo is coupled in a non-linear way with other spring elements allowing energy conversion from significantly lower frequencies.

The current technology provides the detection of DKK3 as a promising early stage marker for chronic kidney disease. DKK3 is elevated in the early morning urine and can be easily and cost-effectively determined by standard ELISA assay systems.

The antibody of this invention is a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against SUMO176-86 recognizing SUMO1 of human, mouse, chicken and X. laevis. It is suitable for western blot and immune precipitation as well as for large-scale enrichment of SUMOylated species by IP / peptide elution.